Whatwillco-workingspacebelikeinthefuture?Perhapsinmorediverseforms,modifiedfromsuper⁃marketsorbookstores. Recently,Yangpuissuedthe"ShanghaiYangpuDistrictCo-workingSpacesDevel⁃opmentWhitePaper(2016)"(herein⁃afterreferredtoas"WhitePaper")and "Shanghai Yangpu DistrictCo-workingSpaces DevelopmentIndexReport(2016)"(hereinafterre⁃ferredtoas"IndexReport").

　　Co-workingspacesrefertoallnewtypesofstart-upserviceplat⁃forms,anditisanupgradedversionofhi-techbusinessincubators.Asanimportantnewforceinthescienceand technology service industry,co-workingspaceinYangpuhasseenaboominggrowthinrecent

　　years.

　　AccordingtotheWhitePaper,asoftheendof2016,thereweremorethan60co-workingspaces(notin⁃cludingconventionalincubatorsandhi-techparks)inYangpu,coveringatotalareaof??93,000squaremetersbasedby1,638start-upteamsunderincubation,andover3,000enterpris⁃eshadbeensupportedinthosespaces.In2016,thespacesreceivedatotalinvestmentof1.488billionyuan,andassistedthedevelopmentofalargenumberofhigh-techenter⁃prisesincludingGrandHorizon,Av⁃conandRuking.

　　TheWhitePaperfoundthatco-workingspacesinYangpuac⁃countsfor12%ofthoseinShanghaiasawhole,gathering renownedco-workingspacesincludingSino⁃vationVentures,TusStar,TencentPublic Space, China TelecomCo-workingSpace,Urwork,KrspaceandJuziLab.

　　Lookingatresults,thesurvivalrateofstart-upenterprisesinYangpuareashighas31.4%,andeven60%-70%insomeco-workingspac⁃es,whichismuchhigherthanthenationalaverage.Thisoutstandingperformance was due to thehigh-qualityservice provided byco-workingspacesinYangpu.

　　Whatisamazingisthatmorethanhalfofco-workingspacesinYangpuaresupportedbylargeen⁃terprisesasaplatform,whichishigherthanthecityandthenationalaverage,suchasAntsplan,anon⁃line-educationprovidersupportedbyhujiang.com,and Tencent PublicSpaceFlagship,whichissupportedbyTencent.

　　Asforstart-upenvironment,Yangpunowfeaturestwo majorstart-up systems: the DaxueRoad-KICsystem,andtheChangYangValleycenteredsystem.DaxueRoad,neartheWujiaochanglocality,hasbecomealivablestart-upcom⁃munitywhichishometoco-workingspaces(InnoSpace+,IPO.fm,Huach⁃uang Club, etc.), hi-tech parks,start-upcompaniesandteamsanduniversities.Livelihood,transporta⁃tion,entertainmentandotherfacili⁃tiesaroundthiscommunityhavebeensignificantlyimproved.

　　Whatwilltheco-workingspac⁃esbelikeinthefuture?Whatarethefuturetrends?

　　AstheWhitePaperpredicts,innovationandentrepreneurshipwillreachtomoreordinarypeoplewithlowerentrancethreshold,whichnotonlywillbringopportunities,butalso bringmorerequirementtoco-workingspaces. One ofthetrends,asthestart-upenvironmentbecomesmoreencouragingandtol⁃erant,isthattherewillbemorestart-upserviceprovidersthatwillconstituteamorecompleteindustrychain.Atthenationallevel,alargenumberofco-workingspaceswillemerge,formingastart-upserviceindustry. Atthe same time,theformsofco-workingspacesna⁃tionwidewillbemorediverseandvibrant,whichwillresultinprofes⁃sion-based and industry-basedco-workingspaces,aswellasthosemodifiedoutofsupermarketsandbookstores.

　　IntheUnitedStates,WeWorkprovidesserviceforstart-upownersasaco-workingspace,whichalsowelcomes free-lancers. RocketSpace,exceptforsupportinguni⁃corns,alsoprovidesserviceforin⁃novativeprojectteamliketheR&DteaminBoeing.Aresearchcarriedoutbyforeignscholarsshowsthatby2020,40%oflaborforceintheU.S.willworkwithoutaboss,andtheymaybefreelancersorvirtualem⁃ployeesthatbelongtoacompanyonlynominally;thosearepotentialclientsofco-workingspacesinthefuture.WhitePaperfurtherpredictsthatthefutureclientsofco-workingspaceswillbemorediversified.

　　Thatsaid,theWhitePaperalsopointsoutthat,afteravigorousde⁃velopmentwiththeemergenceofalargenumberofco-workingspaces,theco-workingspaceindustrywillundergoamajorrestructuringwithmanyclose-ups.Asstart-upswillbemorecomplicatedanddifferentiated,individualco-workingspacesmaynotsurvive,thusentailingmergersandacquisitionsandintegratedin⁃dustrychains.Insuchanecosystem,smallandspecializedco-workingspaces, incubatorsand featuredstart-upserviceresourceswillbehighlyconcentrated.Atthesametime,anumberofmarket-oriented,professional,chain-brandco-work⁃ingspacesstandoutandbecomemodelsintheindustry.